Fanboys Film Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fanboys Film Reaction - Essay Example This incorporates the network inspired by comic books, superheroes and certain anecdotal characters they respected in youth (Davis 2). The social assorted varieties showed in this film are very unprecedented. The way wherein individuals collaborate with each other is additionally something important. This paper will survey how the film realizes the social contrasts between the characters and the jobs they all depict. In evaluating the film, it is anything but difficult to see the filmmaker’s decision of setting for the film as he returns the crowd to the past. This was one after another where society anticipated a great deal from men. Society anticipated that them should be mindful enough to have consistent, well-paying occupations. Society expected that from each and every individual who moved on from secondary school so they can have the option to go to bat for themselves. Crafted by workmanship that the movie producer tried to follow came as this film (2). It is committed t o all the steadfast ones who hope against hope. Some different centerpieces can be spoken to in a similar structure. In any case, the most significant thing to comprehend is the thing that the maker of crafted by workmanship has had as a main priority. When an individual gets the opportunity to see with the filmmaker’s eyes, at that point and at exactly that point he/she gets ready to completely comprehend and value the genuine importance of workmanship. While evaluating different movies, it is anything but difficult to dismiss what the proposed reason for existing was. ... The characters demonstration as such not another to depict the genuine personality of the individuals they address to or acclimate themselves with. Without these distinctions all things considered, it will be difficult to tell who will be who while the film continues as far as possible. It is basic that the movie producer and numerous others obviously characterize such jobs to have the ideal impacts (3). To keep the crowd from having a contrary picture of the message made by the characters and the film itself, comprehend that the movie was not coordinated to fulfill a particular gathering of individuals. At times the characters carry on in a manner that may not be acceptable. It can require some investment to prevent calls rolling in from all over to boycott crafted by workmanship that was difficult to make. The creation and survey of such a film ought to permit everybody to be socially various in the jobs they play in the public arena. Each and every individual who watches the film can get an away from and impression of how societies and individuals in the public arena identify with each other disregarding their disparities. It concerns both the film business and reality. These dissimilar societies normally wind up forming the new path for individuals to live. The characters of the film acknowledge various societies introduced in the film (3). This further prompts the worldwide acknowledgment of specific ways and methods of living, therefore, promising living in harmony, agreement and comprehension. This assists with uniting the world under what is ordinarily known as a worldwide town. The movie producer gets the opportunity to show these jobs in altogether different manners. He presents individuals from various zones causing them to collaborate inside the film (3). With their presentation, the crowd gets the opportunity to see the socially differing jobs they play. Despite the fact that the

Haydns Impact on the Enlightenment free essay sample

Austrian author during the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. He majorly affected the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution by giving his arrangements an unmistakable style. His balanced character drove him to be known as an Ideal man of the Enlightenment. We will compose a custom paper test on Haydns Impact on the Enlightenment or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Haydn Impacted the Enlightenment by furnishing his arrangements with unmistakable style. He began his vocation when he was recruited by the Strachey family, allowing him to compose and create ensembles and direct orchestras.Also known as the Father f the Symphony or String Quartet, he Invented the Idea of sonatas (History Reference Center 1 HIS most popular piece, the Emperor Quartet, was so elegantly composed that It was the national song of devotion of Austria until the finish of World War l. Without the direction of the Strachey family and the opportunity to compose and create, Heydays profession would not have been as affecting. Haydn was a perfect man of the Enlightenment. He had an incredible comical inclination, and cherished pulling pranks on his companions. Being a passionate Catholic, at whatever point he experienced difficulty forming, he would go to his rosary, looking for direction, which was consistently effective.Haydn had great character, Chick was found in his music (History Reference Center 6). Being a perfect man of the Enlightenment assisted with promoting Heydays vocation as an author. Being an Austrian author during the Enlightenment, Haydn started to make new melodic thoughts. He changed the possibility of Baroque and made his own. He utilized thoughts, for example, nuance, peak, differentiation, and tension and set up it and made (History Reference Center 4). While working with authors, for example, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven (they didn't get along), they acquired theClassical Period of the Enlightenment. Making new melodic thoughts and beginning the Classical Period affected Heydays profession as a writer. All in all, Franz Joseph Haydn majorly affected the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. He made new melodic thoughts, which started the Classical Period during the Enlightenment. He was a perfect man of the Enlightenment, which indicated the world how extraordinary his character was and the nature of his character. Haydn gave sytheses an unmistakable style, naming him the Father of the Symphony and String Quartet.

Composing the Best College Application Essay

Composing the Best College Application Essay To enter the college or university is the next step in your life that provides you with a prosperous and happy future. Furthermore, it is the last chance to prepare yourself for the work, life, and future hurdles. If you think about your tomorrow, further education is the best way to secure your adult life. But how to get to college if there is too big enrollment competition, how to show up among this crowd of craving students? You can find all answers in this article! We will help you to concentrate on the winning essay composition and give you some good essay writing tips below. But what is a college application essay? Knowing the answer to this question, you will be able to write at least a half of your work. A college application paper is a piece of writing according to that the admission committee considers students candidacy to have the opportunity to get educational services in the exact establishment. To be the persona Grata in the university, you require a range of qualities to fit the professors demands. Not only grades and awards are the display of your validity and educational level but, at the same time, your way of thinking, intentions, personal traits, and ambitions can play this essential role. How to Write a College Application Essay? While writing a college application essay, you need to think about the topics that will highlight your personality in a proper way and give you the chance to be admitted to the university. If it is too hard for you to find the appropriate theme, just think a little and write down all the ideas on paper. Afterwards, choose the theme that you prefer the best. Make sure that the topic will describe your positive qualities and mark your personality out of numerous other applications. You may choose a couple of themes to write about. Thus, the committee will be sure in your diversity of thoughts and devotions. Soon after you have selected the college application essay topics, try to understand the themes as clear as you can. Thereupon, you may display the idea fully and consistently. The first rule of application essay is read and re-read your theme. The second rule is denoting the aim of the essay (whether it serves to inform about or defend your idea). The third rule is showing how your topic can apply to your personality and individuality. Dont even try to cheat on the themes, and take one of your previous school papers as the basis. Scanning the Internet for a ready work is also a bad idea. Your early works are simple, immature, and describe the former you, not the present person. The Internet papers are familiar to the committee and show borrowed thoughts and ideas. In brief, that is simply not you. Keep focused, narrow, and personal to illustrate your character traits, abilities, desires, and intentions. The most common pieces of advice for these purposes are: To reflect yourself and recollect all significant achievements and deeds that can describe you positively. If you are too shy to esteem yourself reasonably, ask friends and parents about what type of person you are, and what valuable things you did. To write everything down! As it has already been stated, this helps you to see all the variants together and make the right topic choice. Not to describe the ideas too generally in your paperwork. Reduce the existing variants to two or three points in order to describe them at length. Remember to choose the attractive options. To narrate the story that shows all your advantages. You must describe the facts and avoid decrying or exaggeration of the truth. Tell only correct information. After you have found your position of what topic to describe, it is, without doubt, necessary to make an outline of your future work. Break your application paper into several sections to structure and arrange your thoughts, and then, muse about the opening sentence, the stylistic, and lexical means to use in your article. Your work should be coherent and logical, hence watch the flurry of speculations. Axe your arguments with proof. The words are only words, without evidence and facts. Enrich your sentences with justified data. College Application Essay Format It is important to denote that the structural shape of the application paper is similar to any other essay structure. It has three major paragraphs: introduction, body, and conclusion. Every of these sections serves the same role as in other works, except that the content varies a lot. Here you dont have to write about someones opinion on a question, analyze the book or film, and evaluate the problem effects. In fact, you make an analysis of your personality to assure the enrollment board to confirm your candidacy. To write a good and coherent essay work, you must follow these recommendations: Dont lose your main idea, insert it all over the text not to confuse the reader and focus your writing on the central topic. Write with your own words. Avoid using non-typical lexical means for you, as the way how you speak is the personality index. Dont be afraid to show your ego. Compose your writing in a clear and relax way. Dont go into unnecessary details, be concise. Long sentences are difficult to perceive. At last, you have got a ready paperwork to send to the admission committee. Is there anything left? The final check for grammatical, stylistic, and contextual errors will show all the text’s deficiencies. Make a checklist to your paperwork and look the article through several times to detect mistakes. Ask your parents, friends, and teachers to read the article, not only to eliminate the skipped errors, but to assess if the essay is consistent and logical, and whether they see your point of view. Ask them about their attitude to your written work. Follow our strategies and tips to find the answers to your college application essay questions, and you will compose a brilliant and well-done paper that will conquer the hearts of the committee members.

The Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse - 1965 Words

As of January 2015 alcohol related deaths were represented as accountable for approximately 6% of deaths worldwide. That is 3.3 million deaths from alcohol related car accidents to alcohol poisoning. The consumption of alcohol can be tied with being a factor in a variety of diseases, disabilities, tragedies, and crimes. An estimate of over 76 million people suffer from alcohol dependence and abuse. Consumption of alcohol can become a serious threat to personal and public health when an individual engages in activities such as binge drinking or drinking while driving. In other words, harmful drinking is anytime an individual becomes unable to have full perception and control of his/her surroundings because of alcohol. Harmful drinking can also be defined as a pattern of alcohol consumption causing health problems that are directly connected to alcohol. Underage drinking contributes to the 3 leading causes of death (unintentional injury, homicide, and suicide) among persons aged 12 to 20 years. Most commonly teens experience acute intoxication from binge drinking. On average, underage drinkers consume more drinks per drinking occasion than adult drinkers. In 2010, there were approximately 189,000 emergency rooms visits by persons under age 21 for injuries and other conditions linked to alcohol. The abuse of alcohol in teens around the world is a significant problem to our society for the safety of others and the younger generations. The issue at hand is whether establishing aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On Alcohol882 Words   |  4 Pagesme is alcohol. I often notice underage adolescents drinking and I also distinguish how they become different people when intoxicated by alcohol. They begin to walk funny and they tend to slur their words, making it hard to comprehend anything they are saying. I have watched family m embers who were so inebriated that they could not even spell their own name or even pinpoint who they were. The questions I always ask myself when I see these drunk college kids is â€Å"Do these kids know the effects of alcoholismRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pages Dependance on alcohol has been around ever since its creation and records of writing existed. From Biblical commandments clearly restricting the drink due to its destructive and addictive nature to the celebrities on tv screens and music devices glorifying the substance, alcohol has always been part of various cultures. Being the number one drug problem in the U.S with over 12 million people reportedly being alcoholics and of those 7 million being binge drinkers between the ages 12-20, it comesRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse942 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday around the world people fail to realize the effects alcohol abuse can have on themselves as well as t heir loved ones. Alcohol can be highly addictive, and plague an individual s life. Individuals who suffer from alcohol abuse go through various withdrawal symptoms when attempting to cease from drinking alcohol. There are various methods alcohol abusers to quit using alcohol. For adults who abuse alcohol, achieving abstinence can be an arduous process that can be overcome with the perseveranceRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On Alcohol Abuse941 Words   |  4 PagesEvery day around the world, people fail to realize the effects alcohol abuse can have on themselves as well as their loved ones. Alcohol is highly addictive, and can plague an individual s life. People who suffer from alcohol abuse go through various withdrawal symptoms when attempting to cease from drinking alcohol. There are various methods alcohol abusers to quit using alcohol. For adults who abuse alcohol, achieving abstinence can be an arduous process that can be overcome with the perseveranceRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol Abuse1472 Words   |  6 Pagesdoing things they should not. Alcohol is one of those things. Alcohol is extremely easy to get ahold of. It can be attained from anywhere; there are bars and liquor stores on every corner. One can get alcohol in grocery stores, gas stations, people can even brew it themselves if they know how. Alcohol that is commonly abused comes in a large variety ranging from weaker alcohols like wine and beer to stronger substances like tequila and vodka. When one abuses alcohol it taints the minds of even theRead MoreEffects of Alcohol Abuse1616 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol abuse The term alcohol abuse in this case encompasses harmful use of alcohol and misuse of alcohol resulting from dependence. The experience of alcohol abuse can have far-reaching consequences on the family, the community, and the nation. According to NIDA, drug and substance abuse costs the nation $600 Billion every year. This cost factors in crime, healthcare, and lost productivity. Alcohol accounts for 40% of this cost. It is, therefore, necessary, within the context of the family, toRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse919 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of Alcohol and Drug Abuse There may be some things that you don t know about the impact of drug and alcohol abuse on friends and family and how your friends and family may react to your choices. Having knowledge about alcohol and drug abuse, preventing toxic relationship with friends, and being informed about the consequences of drug and alcohol abuse can prevent the harmful use or consumption of drugs and alcohol. First and foremost, having knowledgeable information on the impact drugsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Family1518 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact this is having on her relationship with my mom and family. To say my step mom is an addict would truly be an understatement because of her need and crave for it each day. Unfortunately, alcohol abuse is not often taken serious and many people have a tough time understanding the effects of alcohol abuse on the entire family as opposed to just the abuser. Since Tina was a young age, she knew she was a lesbian and made it a point to hide this from her family and friends. She began to create aRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Abuse On Children1698 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The influence of alcohol advertising has been around for many years. People don’t understand the damage that alcohol abuse can cause and will cause if someone decides to start drinking on a regular. Often time’s people begin to drink because they are stressed and becomes a habit that one can no longer over come. Once down that road it is hard to recover, but if you are willing to recover there is always clinics and family that will help. Alcohol abuse and enslavement are enormous currentRead MoreCauses and Effects of Alcohol Abuse955 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence of peers, family, society, the availability of alcohol, mental illness, stress, and not knowing how to cope with certain situations. It’s a common thing for an alcoholic to think drinking is the answer to all their problems, but in retrospect drinking is only adding to the multiple complications caused by being a compulsive drinker. Research has been done to explore the reason behind why people drink. However, â€Å"Exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood of reversing the

The Definition And Mechanisms Of Sukuk Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3495 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? According to Islamic Invest Guide, a Sukuk is an asset based security that provides a relatively fixed constant flow of income without violating the Islamic laws on interest. Instead of interest payments, sukuk investors receive a pass-through of income generated by the underlying assets. Sukuk are a Syariah-compliant tool for raising capital and may be structured around a variety of Islamic contracts Such as: Al Musyarakha, Al wadiah, Al Bai Bithaimal Ajil and Al Mudharabah to name a few. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Definition And Mechanisms Of Sukuk Finance Essay" essay for you Create order According to UBS.com a Sukuk is an Islamic financial certificate, similar to a bond in Western finance. Sukuk are securities that comply with the Islamic law and its investment principles, which prohibits the charging or paying of interest. Financial assets that comply with the Islamic law can be classified in accordance with their tradability and non-tradability in the secondary markets. Mechanism and trading and how Sukuk is traded There are different types of Sukuk Bonds that are being traded in the market. Having different forms as the sukuk bonds have, this means that they are traded in different ways. Sukuk has many different types and depending on how the Islamic models of trading is used in its structure. The following are the more common as identified by the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI): Mudharabah Sukuk These are investment sukuk that represent ownership of units of equal value in the Mudharabah equity and are registered in the names of holders on the basis of undivided ownership of shares in the Mudharabah equity and its returns according to the percentage of ownership of share. Mudharabah sukuk are used for enhancing public participation in big investment projects. Features They symbolize the co-ownership, where one provides the financial investment and the other the entrepreneurial know-how with the profits being split between them All information required by Shariah for the Qirad contract such as the source of start up funds, the ratio for profit dispersion and other conditions related to the issue, which must be Shariah compliant are to be listed in the company prospectus. The Sukuk holder is given the right to transfer the ownership by selling the deeds in the securities market at his discretion.   The sale of MS must follow the rules listed below: If the capital is still in the form of money before the operations of the project, the trading of MS would be like exchange of money for money. In that case the rules of bay Al-Sarf would be applied. If Muqarda capital is in the form of debt then it must satisfy the principles of debt trading in Islam If capital is in the form of combination of cash, receivables, goods, real assets and benefits, trade must be based on market price evolved by mutual consent. The Manager who receives the fund collected from the subscribers to Mudharabah Sukuk can also invest his own fund. He will get profit for his capital contribution in addition to his share in the profit as Mudarib. Neither prospectus nor Mudharabah Sukuk should contain a guarantee, from the issuer or the manager for the fund, for the capital or a fixed profit, or a profit based on any percentage of the capital It is permissible to create reserves for contingencies, such as loss of capital, by deducting from the profit The prospectus can also contain a promise made by a third party, totally un-related to the parties to the contract, in terms of legal entity or financial status, to donate a specific sum, without any counter benefit, to meet losses in the give project, provided such commitment is independent of the Mudharabah contract. On the expiry of the specified time period of the subscripti on, the Sukuk holder is given the right to transfer the ownership by sale or trade in the securities market at his discretion. Musyarakah Sukuk Musyarakah Sukuk is used for mobilizing the funds for establishing a new project or developing an existing one or financing a business activity on the basis of partnership contracts. The certificate holders become the owners of the project or the assets of the activity as per their respective shares. These Musyarakah certificates can be treated as negotiable instruments and can be bought and sold in the secondary market. Steps involved in the structure Corporate (as Musharik) contributes land or other physical assets to the Musyarakah The Musyarakah appoints the Corporate as an agent to develop the land (or other physical assets) with the cash injected into the Musyarakah and sell/lease the developed assets on behalf of the Musyarakah In return, the agent (i.e. the Corporate) will get a fixed agency fee plus a variable incentive fee payable. The profits are distributed to the Sukuk holders. The Corporate irrevocably undertakes to buy at a pre-agreed price the Musyarakah shares of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV)  [1]  on say semi-annual basis and at the end of the fixed period the SPV would no longer have any shares in the Musyarakah. An example of Musyarakah Sukuk in practice is the US$550 million Sukuk transaction for Emirates airline, the seven-year deal was a structured on a Musyarakah contract. The Musyarakah or joint venture was set up to develop a new engineering centre and a new headquarters building o n land situated near Dubais airport which will ultimately be leased to Emirates. Profit, in the form of lease rentals, generated from the Musyarakah venture will be used to pay the periodic distribution on the trust certificates. Al-Ijarah Sukuk These are sukuk that represent ownership of equal shares in a rented real estate or the usufruct of the real estate. These sukuk give their owners the right to own the real estate, receive the rent and dispose of their sukuk in a manner that does not affect the right of the lessee, i.e. they are tradable. The holders of such sukuk bear all cost of maintenance of and damage to the real estate. Features It is necessary for an ijarah contract that the assets being leased and the amount of rent both are clearly known to the parties at the time of the contract and if both of these are known, ijarah can be contracted on an asset or a building that is yet to be constructed, as long as it is fully described in the contract provided that the lessor should normally be able to acquire, construct or buy the asset being leased by the time set for its delivery to the lessee. The lessor can sell the leased asset provided it does not hinder the lessee to take benefit from the asset. The new owner would be entitled to receive the rentals. Rental in ijarah must be stipulated in clear terms for the first term of lease, and for future renewable terms, it could be constant, increasing or decreasing by benchmarking or relating it to any well-known variable. As per shariah rules, expenses related to the basic characteristics of the assets are the responsibility of the owner, while maintenance ex penses related to its operation are to be the responsibility of the lessee. As regards procedure for issuance of ijarah sukuk, an SPV is created to purchase the asset or assets that issues sukuk to the investor, enabling it to make payment for purchasing the asset. The asset is then leased to third party for its use. The lessee makes periodic rental payments t the SPV that in turn distributes the same to the sukuk holders. Ijara sukuk are completely negotiable and can be traded in the secondary markets. Steps involved in the structure The obligator sells certain assets to the SPV at an agreed pre-determined purchase price. The SPV raises financing by issuing sukuk certificates in an amount equal to the purchase price. This is passed on to the obligator (as seller). A lease agreement is signed between SPV and the obligator for a fixed period of time, where the obligator leases back the assets as lessee. SPV receives periodic rentals from the obligator These are distributed among the investors i.e. the sukuk holders At maturity, or on a dissolution event, the SPV sells the assets back to the seller at a predetermined value. That value should be equal to any amounts still owed under the terms of the Ijara sukuk. An example of this is US$350 million sukuk Trust Certificates by Sarawak Corporate Sukuk Inc. (SCSI) Sarawak Economic Development Corporation (SEDC) raised financing amounting to US$350 million by way of issuance of series of trust certificates issued on the principle of Ijara sukuk. Th e certificates were issued with a maturity of 5 years and under the proposed structure, the proceeds will be used by the issuer to purchase certain assets from 1st Silicon (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd. Thereafter, the issuer will lease assets procured from 1st Silicon to SEDC for an agreed rental price for an agreed lease period of 5 years. Murabaha Sukuk In this case the issuer of the certificate is the seller of the Murabaha commodity, the subscribers are the buyers of that commodity, and the realised funds are the purchasing cost of the commodity. The certificate holders own the Murabaha commodity and are entitled to its final sale price upon the re-sale of the Commodity. The possibility of having legally acceptable Murabaha-based sukuk is only feasible in the primary market. The negotiability of these Sukuk or their trading at the secondary market is not permitted by shariah, as the certificates represent a debt owing from the subsequent buyer of the Commodity to the certificate-holders and such trading amounts to trading in debt on a deferred basis, which will result in riba. Despite being debt instruments, the Murabaha Sukuk could be negotiable if they are the smaller part of a package or a portfolio, the larger part of which is constituted of negotiable instruments such as Mudaraba, Musharaka, or Ijara Sukuk. Murabaha suku k are popular in Malaysian market due to a more liberal interpretation of fiqh by Malaysian jurists permitting sale of debt (bai-al-dayn) at a negotiated price. Steps involved in the structure A master agreement is signed between the SPV and the borrower SPV issues sukuk to the investors and receive sukuk proceeds. SPV buys commodity on spot basis from the commodity supplier. SPV sells the commodity to the borrower at the spot price plus a profit margin, payable on installments over an agreed period of time. The borrower sells the commodity to the Commodity buyer on spot basis. The investors receive the final sale price and profits. Salam Sukuk Salam sukuk are certificates of equal value issued for the purpose of mobilising Salam capital so that the goods to be delivered on the basis of Salam come to the ownership of the certificate holders. The issuer of the certificates is a seller of the goods of Salam, the subscribers are the buyers of the goods, while the funds realized from subscription are the purchase price (Salam capital) of the goods. The holders of Salam certificates are the owners of the Salam goods and are entitled to the sale price of the certificates or the sale price of the Salam goods sold through a parallel Salam, if any. Salam-based securities may be created and sold by an SPV under which the funds mobilized from investors are paid as an advance to the company SPV in return for a promise to deliver a commodity at a future date. SPV can also appoint an agent to market the promised quantity at the time of delivery perhaps at a higher price. The difference between the purchase price and the sale price i s the profit to the SPV and hence to the holders of the Sukuk. All standard shariah requirements that apply to Salam also apply to Salam sukuk, such as, full payment by the buyer at the time of effecting the sale, standardized nature of underlying asset, clear enumeration of quantity, quality, date and place of delivery of the asset and the like. One of the Shariah conditions relating to Salam, as well as for creation of Salam sukuk, is the requirement that the purchased goods are not re-sold before actual possession at maturity. Such transactions amount to selling of debt. This constraint renders the Salam instrument illiquid and hence somewhat less attractive to investors. Thus, an investor will buy a Salam certificate if he expects prices of the underlying commodity to be higher on the maturity date. Steps involved in the transaction SPV signs an undertaking with an obligatory to source both commodities and buyers. The obligator contracts to buy, on behalf of the end-Sukuk holders, the commodity and then to sell it for the profit of the Sukuk holders. The Salam proceeds are passed onto the obligator who sells commodity on forward basis SPV receives the commodities from the obligator Obligator, on behalf of Sukuk holders, sells the commodities for a profit Sukuk holders receive the commodity sale proceeds. The following is an example of the Salam Sukuk Aluminum has been designated as the underlying asset of the Bahrain Government al Salam contract, whereby it promises to sell aluminum to the buyer at a specified future date in return of a full price payment in advance. The Bahrain Islamic Bank (BIB) has been nominated to represent the other banks wishing to participate in the Al Salam contract. BIB has been delegated to sign the contracts and all other necessary documents on behalf of the othe r banks in the syndicate. At the same time, the buyer appoints the Government of Bahrain as an agent to market the appropriate quantity at the time of delivery through its channels of distribution. The Government of Bahrain provides an additional undertaking to the representative (BIB) to market the aluminum at a price, which will provide a return to al Salam security holders equivalent to those available through other conventional short-term money market instruments. Istisna Sukuk Istisna sukuk are certificates that carry equal value and are issued with the aim of mobilising the funds required for producing products that are owned by the certificate holders. The issuer of these certificates is the manufacturer (supplier/seller), the subscribers are the buyers of the intended product, while the funds realised from subscription are the cost of the product. The certificate holders own the product and are entitled to the sale price of the certificates or the sale price of the product sold on the basis of a parallel Istisna, if any. Istisna Sukuk is quite useful for financing large infrastructure projects. The suitability of Istisna for financial intermediation is based on the permissibility for the contractor in Istisna to enter into a parallel Istisna contract with a subcontractor. Thus, a financial institution may undertake the construction of a facility for a deferred price, and sub contract the actual construction to a specialised firm. Shariah prohibits the sale of these debt certificates to a third party at any price other than their face value. Clearly such certificates cannot be traded in the secondary market. Steps involved in the structure SPV issues Sukuk certificates to raise funds for the project Sukuk issue proceeds are used to pay the contractor/builder to build and deliver the future project. Title to assets is transferred to the SPV Property/project is leased or sold to the end buyer. The end buyer pays monthly installments to the SPV. The returns are distributed among the Sukuk holders. The following are examples of Istana Sukuk in practice Tabreeds five-year global corporate Sukuk (on behalf of the National Central Cooling Company, UAE) provided a fixed coupon of 5.50%. It is a combination of Ijara Istisna and Ijara Mawsufah fi al dhimmah (or forward leasing contracts). The issue was launched to raise funds to retire some existing debt, which totals around US$136 million, as well as to finance expansion. The Durrat Sukuk will finance the reclamation and infrastructure for the initial stage of a broader US$ 1 billion world class residential and leisure destination known as Durrat Al Bahr ain, currently the Kingdom of Bahrains largest residential development project. The return on the Sukuk is 125 basis points over 3 months London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) payable quarterly, with the Sukuk having an overall tenor of 5 years and an option for early redemption. The proceeds of the issue (cash) will be used by the Issuer to finance the reclamation of the land and the development of Base Infrastructure through multiple project finance (Istisna) agreements. As the works carried out under each Istisna are completed by the Contractor and delivered to the Issuer, the Issuer will give notice to the Project Company under the Master Ijara Agreement and will lease such Base Infrastructure on the basis of a lease to own transaction. Hybrid Sukuk Considering the fact that Sukuk issuance and trading are important means of investment and taking into account the various demands of investors, a more diversified Sukuk hybrid or mixed asset Sukuk emerged in the market. In a hybrid Sukuk, the underlying pool of assets can comprise of Istisna, Murabaha receivables as well as Ijara. Having a portfolio of assets comprising of different classes allows for a greater mobilization of funds. However, as Murabaha and Istisna contracts cannot be traded on secondary markets as securitised instruments at least 51 percent of the pool in a hybrid Sukuk must comprise of Sukuk tradable in the market such as an Ijara Sukuk. Due to the fact the Murabaha and Istisna receivables are part of the pool, the return on these certificates can only be a pre-determined fixed rate of return. Steps involved in the structure Islamic finance originator transfers tangible assets as well as Murabaha deals to the SPV SPV issues certificates of participation to the Sukuk holders and receive funds. The funds are used by the Islamic finance originator. Islamic finance originator purchases these assets from the SPV over an agreed period of time. Investors receive fixed payment of return on the assets. An example of this type of sukuk is when Islamic Development Bank issued the first hybrid Sukuk of assets comprising 65.8% Sukuk al-Ijara, 30.73% of Murabaha receivables and 3.4% Sukuk al-Istisna. This issuance required the IDBs guarantee in order to secure a rating and international marketability. The $ 400 million Islamic Sukuk was issued by Solidarity Trust Services Limited (STSL), a special purpose company incorporated in Jersey Channel Islands. The Islamic Corporation for the Development of Private Sector (ICD) played an intermediary role by purchasing the asset from IDB and selling it to The Sol idarity Trust Services Limited (STSL) at the consolidated net asset value. Bond valuation Bond Definition According to www.investorwords.com, a Bond can be defined as a debt instrument issued for a period of more than one year with the purpose of raising capital by borrowing. Valuation definition According to www.investorwords.com valuation can be defined as the process of determining the value of an asset or company Bond Valuation According to an online dictionary Bond Valuation can be defined as the process of determining the fair price of a bond. As with any security, the fair value of a bond is the present value of the stream of cash flows it is expected to generate. Hence, the price or value of a bond is determined by discounting the bonds expected cash flows to the present using the appropriate discount rate. Pricing of Sukuk Bonds with Embedded Options Embedded option bonds can be valued similar to the valuation of options on equities implementing binomial trees. In conventional bond issuance the value of the underlying assets will depend on the level of interest rates. In Islamic contracts interest rates are substituted with the rate of return on the underlying assets. We can analyse the valuation of embedded options using altering scenarios in a tree diagram. Assume that future one-year rates of return develop as follows: The represented tree can be utilized to value zero coupon certificates of various maturities. For example, the value of a 1-year zero coupon bond at time 0 is B(0,1) = 1/1.065 = 93.89 % of par value The value of a 2-year certificate at time 0 can be determined using the same discount mechanism. The value of a 1-year zero coupons at time 0 can be calculated as: If r= 7.00 ÃÆ' ´Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   1/1.07 = 93.45% of par value If r= 6.00 ÃÆ' ´Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€ Ã¢â ‚¬â„¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚   1/1.06 = 94.34% of par value The valuation of callable bonds will invoke an adjusted method as the callable bond is essentially a portfolio of a non-callable bond and an American call option written with the non-callable bond as the underlying and a strike price that is given by the call price. Accordingly, at each node of the tree the value of the bond can be given as follows: P = 1 + C at maturity P = max [ CP, (1+C)/(1+r) ] one year prior to maturity )] 1(}) (5.0, max [{r+Cà ·Pd+Pu+CPÃÆ'Æ’-P}] = more than one year to maturity CP = price of the option C = coupon r = rate of return Pu = value of the certificate in one year if return goes up Pd = value of the certificate in one year if return goes down

Vincent Van Gogh Free Essays

Vincent van Gogh was an interesting man. Vincent van Gogh had one of the strongest impacts on the art world in the sass. He was not recognized until his death and he sold only one painting when he was alive. We will write a custom essay sample on Vincent Van Gogh or any similar topic only for you Order Now This painting was â€Å"The Red Vineyard†. Van Gogh suffered from mental illness and depression. No one knows how he got them but these illnesses have made his art better. He used his emotions and depression in his artwork. Every single piece of his depicts his depression and sorrow. Vincent van Gogh has impacted the world with his paintings. He was a post-impressionist minter whose work, notable for its beauty, emotion and color, highly influenced 20th- century art. â€Å"(www. Biography. Com/people/Vincent-van-Gogh-951 5695, Unknown Author) Most people know him for his famous painting â€Å"Starry Night†. Van Gogh has left his mark on the world and art itself. Vincent van Gogh was born on March 30, 1853 in Holland. As a child van Gogh had a very normal life. He grew up in the village of Grotto Evader. His parent’s were Theodore, who was a Protestant minister, and Anna Cornelia van Gogh. Vincent was named after his older brother who died when he was born. His mother never got over her first son’s death and never grew to love van Gogh. When he was young, he started forming mental problems. Van Gogh had two brothers and three sisters. Their names were Thee and Core and Elisabeth, Anna and WI. Vincent was the oldest of his family. He loved all of his siblings but he grew the strongest relationship with his brother Thee. When he was a child, his mother taught all the children how to draw and paint with watercolors. She also taught them how to love the environment and the outdoors. Vincent loved the outdoors and would always go on walks. On these walks, he would come across the cemetery and in the cemetery was Baby Vincent grave. The site of seeing his own name and birthday on the grave frightened van Gogh. Whenever he saw this he would think about how perfect his older brother was and how he will never reach that status and how he will fail. Vincent van Gogh went to school like any other kid in the sass but because of financial problems, he had to drop out and start working. When he was 16, he started working at the Hogue gallery which was run by Gospel and Company. His Uncle Cent, who was an art dealer himself, got him a Job. Being away from his family, van Gogh was at the height of his life. He started to gain more knowledge in every aspect. He began to read many books and he learned how to speak French, English and German. Vincent worked there for six years and on his fourth year at Gospel and Company, he transferred to London, England. When he was 20 years old, he fell in love with his landlady’s daughter. Her name was Egg ©nine Layer. Van Gogh asked her to marry him but he was turned down and rejected. She said that she was already secretly engaged. Vincent van Gogh was infuriated by this. He threw away all of his books side the Bible and decided to devote himself to God. At work, Vincent started to argue and fight with his coworkers and the customers. When he turned 23, he was fired from Gospel and Company. He then decided to go to school to become a minister like his father. Van Gogh was very tough on himself and whenever he studied wrong, he would punish himself. These punishments would be starving himself or staying outside for the night in the cold. He was very stubborn and he refused to take one of the exams. No schools would take him because of his stubbornness and his refusal. Van Gogh still believed that he was meant to be a minister so went to preach to the miners of Baronage. While he was there, he sketched most of the things he saw. He gave his house to a sick woman and slept in a shack. He helped the miners but while he was helping them, he was suffering. The miners called him the Christ of the coalmines. Vincent van Gogh got pleasure from suffering. He felt that when he suffered, he was taking some ones hurt away from them. The church felt that the Job wasn’t safe for him so they let him go. Van Gogh had no place to live and had no money. He thought of himself as a failure and he would always look at the sketches of the miners and wonder how he could help people like that. He then decided that he wasn’t going to help them by being a minister, he was going to help them through his art. He decided to become an artist. Even though he had no artistic training, he gave everything his all. Vincent wrote to his brother Thee, asking him for some support. Thee agreed and Vincent moved back to Holland. At the age of 28, he finished his first oil painting. Thee was a respected art dealer at Gospel and Company so every painting van Gogh would make, he would end it to Thee. Dan Gogh then fell in love with his cousin, Kate. Her husband had just passed away and she was grieving his death. Van Gogh asked her for her hand in marriage but she denied. She then ran away from Vincent but, like last time, he could not take no for an answer. He chased after her back to her home in Amsterdam. Van Gogh talked to her family and they explained to him that she didn’t want that relationship. His family was very disgusted with him for his actions. Vincent did not want to live at home anymore so he moved to the capital city of South Holland, The Hogue. In the city, he met Classic Maria Horn. She was an alcoholic and a prostitute and Vincent soon fell in love with her. She also had a four-year-old girl and was pregnant. She became sick and stopped prostituting. Because she could not work anymore, she was Vincent model for all of his paintings. In 1882, Vincent van Gogh found out he had syphilis. Classic started work again and Vincent became very depressed. They started fighting and Vincent depression got worse. Van Gogh left Classic and moved to Drenched. If he didn’t leave Classic, his family would cut him off and not support him with any money. In Drenched, he began to paint the people and the landscape. This is where he finished his first painting. â€Å"Fulfilling his desire to paint figures, and 1885 van Gogh completed his first major work, The Potato Eaters which proved a unknown author) Thee received â€Å"The Potato Eaters† and said it was too gloomy and dark. Thee said that the dark colors that Vincent used were not popular anymore. People in art started using bright colors and boldness which was called Impressionism. Van Gogh decided to go to the Academy of fine arts in Antwerp. He discovered Japanese art and really admired it. He learned a lot in art school but decided that it wasn’t for him and moved to France. In France, van Gogh started painting like the other Impressionists. He was invited into a circle of Impressionist artists. This group consisted of Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, and Georges Serrate. Vincent began to use a brighter palette in all of his art pieces. Impressionist artists would only paint when the light was perfect and when they were in the mood. Vincent felt that it didn’t matter and he would paint all day in any type of light. He also created the technique of using small and short brushstrokes. Vincent van Gogh created a new type of art, which was Post- Impressionism. He put more emotion in his art and was more experimental with his paintings and his techniques. Painting was the only thing that kept him sane most of the time. Van Gogh felt that he was more dedicated than the other artists. He and his artist friends would pose for each other to save money. They dedicated themselves to art and nothing else. In 1886, Vincent became very interested in Japanese prints. For two years, he painted like the Japanese. He moved into this yellow house in Arles because he was told the light was Just like Japan’s. Vincent used his money for paint and not food. He lived off of bread and coffee. At night you would drink absinthe which made him feel strange and start hallucinating. In the day Vincent would find himself eating paint and drinking turpentine. Vincent van Gogh started to go crazy. His brother was worried about him so he paid Vincent friend, David Gauguin, to watch after him. David was also an artist and they painted together but they would always fight. David lived with van Gogh for a month but couldn’t take it anymore. After an argument, David walked out of the house and went on a walk. He didn’t think anyone was with them but then he heard footsteps and Vincent was right behind him holding a knife. Van Gogh went home and later that night he paid for a prostitute named Rachel. Vincent head was bleeding and he handed Rachel a part of his ear. When he handed her part of his ear, he said â€Å"keep this object carefully† and walked back to his house. He was found by the police and they checked him into the hospital. Thee came to visit him and Vincent was suffering from loss of blood and seizures. Van Gogh was released from the hospital was all alone. David left the house ND Vincent became very depressed again. He tried to paint to make him feel better but it didn’t work. The whole village of Arles made a complaint that van Gogh was a danger to the people in the town. Vincent was kicked out of Arles and checked into a clinic. Even though he was in the asylum, he still painted. He started to paint the hospital gardens and in November of 1889, he was asked to send in paintings to Brussels for an exhibit. He only sent six paintings and two of them were â€Å"Starry Night† and â€Å"Irises†. Throughout those 10 years, van Gogh painted about 900 painting. Vincent mental problems seemed to be getting better so he left the clinic. Van Sago’s nephew was born on January 31, 1890. His nephew was named after him and to think Thee and his wife, he made a painting for them. This painting was named â€Å"Blossoming Almond Tree† and it symbolizes new life. During that same time, Thee sold one of Vincent paintings for the first time. Van Gogh moved to the country in Avers and his depression began to get worse. On July 27, 1890, Vincent went on a walk to a wheat field and shot himself. The gunshot did not kill him instantly and he found his way back to his apartment. How to cite Vincent Van Gogh, Papers Vincent Van Gogh Free Essays Vincent Van Gogh, genius or madman? ‘The connection between genius and mental illness is paradoxically both clearer and murkier than that between genius and high intelligence. ‘ (Published on March 31 , 2011, Andrew Robinson) Van Gogh, possibly the most famous example of a known genius who beard the title of a mentally ill individual, had severe depression, inflicted serious injury on his own earlobe in the year of 1888, admitted himself to a mental facility, and shot himself in 1890, yet he is one of the most respected and well known men of our time, all because of his unmistakable and ingenious art work. Van Sago’s recurrent mental derangement’s were never in suspicion, not by himself nor his family. We will write a custom essay sample on Vincent Van Gogh or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, his sanity was never questioned either. Vincent Van Gogh was a known madman; it was never in question to anyone, not even himself, â€Å"l am unable to describe exactly what is the matter with me; now and then there are horrible fits of anxiety, apparently without cause, or otherwise a feeling of emptiness and fatigue in the head†¦. â€Å". (Vincent Van Gogh, date unknown) Van Gogh had been diagnosed with many conditions, illnesses and mental instabilities. Some being epilepsy, bipolar disorder, depression, psychotic episodes, and unpredictable mood swings. Doctors including Dry. Person and Dry. Felix Ere believed that Van Sago’s epileptic seizures were occurring due to temporal lobe epilepsy. He was born with a brain laceration that was thought to of been intensified by his recurrent consumption of absinthe, this is what is believed to have caused his epileptic condition. Enthusiasm and dedication were standout characteristics in Van Sago’s personality. Impulsive behavior was a prominent factor in his life, though hose periods were on every occasion trailed by depression and exhaustion. Therefore, doctors and specialists concluded that manic depression or bipolar disorder was a component of Van Sago’s life. His bipolar disease is also what lead to his suicidal demise. Vincent Van Gogh was also diagnosed with Hyperplasia, which is a condition making ones desire [need to write intensify to an almost continuous level. This disorder is commonly linked to another of his conditions; epilepsy. The assortment of over 800 letters that Van Gogh wrote throughout his life time could be recognized and attributed to this condition. It has never been an uncertainty in our society that Vincent Van Gogh is in fact one of the most famous genius’ within his art work; his art is known worldwide as astounding pieces of work. Although he was not recognized as a genius in his day, and his work was worth next to nothing, today he is seen as one of the greatest artists of both his and our time, and his paintings are worth millions. Not only was Van Gogh introducing a new style of art, experimenting with new concepts and colors but he was the beginning of a new era; expressionism. This is not only a remarkable point in history but also supports the act that Vincent Van Gogh was in fact a genius; for one single man began a whole new look into art. The society he lived in was not ready for his non-conforming behavior and harsh reality of what truth lied behind his paintings. Not only with the realistic colors he used but also the concepts; he was not only painting portraits as everyone else was, however he rebelled against tradition and began painting landscapes and everyday images such as drawings of gardens, sunflowers, Patience Scalier, Eugene Boca, the Rollins, cafes, his room and his chair; all incredibly alive ND beautiful. Genius by definition is, ‘somebody with exceptional ability, especially someone whose creative achievements gain worldwide recognition’. It is no argue that Vincent Van Gogh met these requirements. It is believed that one of Van Sago’s numerous physicians, Dry. Cachet treated his condition of epilepsy with a prescription drug by the name of digitalis. The drug has been known to cause one to see either yellow spots, or to view things in yellow. This is a very possible reason as to why Van Gogh painted a lot of yellow. A popular drink in his time was absinthe, and Van Gogh rank a substantial amount of it, however what most people don’t know is that there is Outshone present in the liqueur. Outshone is a toxin that when taken in high doses can, once again cause one to view things in yellow. Physicians who have studied the artist have conflicting thoughts on whether this is what caused his attraction to yellow or not. Van Gogh used lead based paints, so there is differing assumptions to whether or not he suffered from lead poisoning by biting on paint chips. One of the effects from lead poisoning is that is causes one to see circles around objects; much eke halos, which is present in his famous painting ‘The Starry Night’. Van Sago’s paintings are purely the reason he is known as a genius and the fact that his mental derangement’s assisted with the completion of his work and to the standard it was, and also the way it was done supports the fact that he is a genius because he was a madman. Vincent Van Gogh; a man well recognized as a genius who beard the label of a mentally ill human being. Throughout his life he created some of the most high end paintings and drawings, and he would not have done so without some of the mental imbalances that were present in his life. How to cite Vincent Van Gogh, Papers Vincent van gogh Free Essays There are a umber of things in this painting; this painting shows us that she is very poor. There are no flowers, lamps and garden. The house is the bare minimum; it shows the 19th Century things for the poor in the countryside were dark. We will write a custom essay sample on Vincent van gogh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Self-portrait, this painting shows us that he seems to frown and wrinkle his brow in concentration, he looks very lonely. He use orange dots in the background seem to reflect the orange red of his beard. He Inner is melancholy but he use the most warm color-orange, he should be eager to get love. I think that’s almost impossible without knowing his name. He is one of the greatest artists in the world. He was born in 1850 three or two someday, whatever. And as a lot of people know, Van Gogh is the oldest child in their family, but actually, his parent’s had a little baby before him, the baby died the same day Just one year before Van Gogh was born. So, they gave the two babies a identical name, this is why sometime people will call Van Gogh †the second Vincent. Sources: Chapter 4, Chapter 6, Chapter 1 1 . How to cite Vincent van gogh, Papers Vincent van gogh Free Essays Vincent van Gogh BY allele Vincent Van Sago’s Work of Art Ann. Lee Humanities 1301 Professor Philip Nonuser 02 December 2013 Professor Nonuser Vincent Van Gogh is a unique and outstanding artist who had a dramatic life that affected his paintings. At the age of twenty-seven, Vincent decided to devote his life for art because Vincent believed in the power of art. We will write a custom essay sample on Vincent van gogh or any similar topic only for you Order Now To him, a work of art, whether drawing or painting, had as striking an â€Å"effect† as a live sermon or a letter†( Euchre 17) . Van Gogh started his work of art with drawing. Vincent sent Thee, is brother, some of his drawings such as Au Carbonate (At the Coalmines), Miner Shouldering a Spade or Men and Women Going to the Mines. He drew everything he saw in everyday life. The miners and weavers usually appeared in his drawings. In the letter to his brother, Thee, he told him about his sympathy for these people :† I should be very happy if someday I could draw them, so that those unknown or little- known types would be brought before the eyes of the people†(20). In summer of 1882, he started paintings in oils. Vincent often paints † the simplest, most miserable, cost scorned objects† such as old shoes or † loamy’ potatoes. (Huge 61). Vincent painted with dark and sorrowful colors. At the end of 1882, he experiments with lithography. He created a series often graphic works: nine lithographs and one etching. In the letter to his brother Thee, Vincent told him about drawing: Sorrow is one of Van Sago’s lithographs. The special thing about this lithograph is that it was originally a painting about a naked prostitute † sitting with flabby breasts, heavy stomach, thin and stiff hair and weeping with her head on her knees† (Huge 6). Vincent also decided to do a lithograph based on the painting The Potato Eaters. The Potato Eaters is his first major work. It depicted five miserable family members, who were peasants, gathered around the table, eating their potatoes in the end of a day. Vincent wanted to attain the moral value in this painting: † I have tried to emphasize that those people , eating their potatoes in the lamplight, have dug the earth with those very hands they put in the dish, and so it speaks of manual labor, and how they have honestly earned their food† (Euchre 88). Van Sago’s only etching, L ‘Home  ¤ la Pipe: Portrait du Doctor Cache,depicted Dry. Paul Cachet, a doctor and friend of Van Sago’s who took care of him in the final weeks of his life. In 1886, Vincent moved to Paris, where he met his brother Thee, and he also made friends with Gauguin, Pissarro and Serrate. He discovered the French Impressionist. However, through Monticello, he â€Å"discovered both flowers and color† (Huge 63). And through his new friends, he brightened his palette. The Million De la Galatea is yellowed in tone but still muted in spite off pale sky. The hill of Montmartre was treated more conventionally; the painting was dominated by green and yellow ( Euchre 114). During 1887, Vincent created more than twenty- two self- portraits. The reason for this large amounts of his self-portraits was as though he wanted to rediscovered himself physically after he changed his style in art . Another reason is that Vincent Van Gogh was short of money, therefore, he became his own subject: â€Å"l purposely bought a good enough mirror to work from myself, for want of a model†. Self -portrait with a Straw Hat painted in the summer of 887 † show the artist’s awareness of Neo-elementariness technique and color theory† ( The Metropolitan Museum of Art), † the background is sketched in by meaner of very widely spaced, comma- like strokes† ( Euchre 1 15). In 1888, he moved to Arles. Vincent was affected by the strong sunlight and he became † the prey of the sun† , † he burst out with spring, reached his highest point during summer and discovered July and the flame’s plenitude†(Euchre 165). At this point of time, his style changed immensely , and it was greatly impacted by the work of the Impressionists and Neo- Impressionists. He started to abandon somber palette and experiment with lighter colors such as red, yellow, orange, green, blue. We can easily see this change in his paintings such as The Pear Tree in Blossom, The Angle’s Bridge, Boats at Anchor, Market Gardens, The Suave, A Walk in Arles, The Cafe at Night†¦ Etc. Besides, Vincent also developed his own unique style of painting. Vincent also experimented with the broken brush strokes of the Impressionists and hugely influenced by the Japanese prints. In 1887, he usually went to the shop of Samuel Being, a dealer of oriental art. He purchased many Japanese prints from Being. After that, he organized an exhibition of Japanese prints at the cafe Lee Tambourine. The Japanese prints were used in the background of the painting Portrait of Peer Tangy by Vincent. In the painting Still Life with Plaster Statuette,† the plane in which the plaster statuette is placed crosses the picture surface vertically from one edge to the other, for shaking all the rules of illusionist perspective for the† plunging† approach of the Japanese†( Euchre 130). In the Woman at Lee Tambourine painted from the beginning of 1887, â€Å"the technique is Impressionist, but the background is treated in Japanese fashion, that is divided into parallel down in vertical stripes† (132). Between the years 1886 and 1889, Vincent painted more than over 30 self- portraits, reflecting his current pursuit of integrative color contrasts and a bolder composition. His collections of self-portraits place him among the most productive self- portraitists of all time. These portraits not only marked changes in his painting technique but also a reflection of his psychological world. The painting â€Å"Self Portrait with Pipe† was painted in 1886, before Vincent moved to Paris. This is the typical kind of Vincent earlier painting style, using melancholy colors, which are characteristic of traditional Dutch painting. In 1887, Vincent was trying to use Pointillism for his â€Å"Self Portrait†. Pointillism is a painting technique which was created by the artist Georges Serrate. However, Vincent failed at imitating † Caesura’s patient and analytical approach to the technique† ( The History in Self Portraits). Another self portrait of Vincent Van Gogh is † Self Portrait with a Gray Felt Hat†. This portrait showed that he reached the peak of his new painting technique. He also applied brush strokes of different contrast colors such as blues, oranges, yellow, white, lilac, sky blue, and green. In June 1888, Vincent was interested in the night of Saints- Maries in Arles that he decided to paint the beautiful view of the night. It was the † Night Cafe† which Vincent stated in the letter to Thee :† equivalent, though different, of the † Potato Eaters† and † In my picture of the † Night Cafe† I have tried to express the idea that the cafe is a place where one can ruin oneself, go mad or commit a crime†( Euchre 164). Then, Vincent had his second night study : â€Å"Cafe Terrace by Night†. In the letter that Vincent sent to Wilhelmina, he expressed his pleasure to his paintings: Here you have a night picture without any black in it, done with nothing but beautiful blue and violet and green, and in these surroundings the lighted square acquires a pale sulfur and greenish citron-yellow color. It amuses me enormously to paint the night on the spot. They used to draw and paint the picture in the daytime after the rough sketch. But I find satisfaction in painting things immediately. Of course it’s true that in the dark I may mistake a blue for a green, a blue- lilac for a pink-lilac, for you cannot rightly extinguish the quality of a hue. (Euchre 164) In October 1888, Gauguin came to Arles and lived with Vincent. Gauguin was Vincent friend. He was famous for creating painting in many different styles, including Impressionism and Primitivism. When being together, they painted paintings and discussed with each other about different technique. Next month, under Gauguin urging, Vincent experimented with painting from memory. Vincent started to imitate Gauguin technique of painting from memory during this time that resulted in his painting becoming less realistic and more attractive. Vincent deliberately used colors to capture moods, rather than using colors realistically. Their first encounter in painting took place at the Alleyways. In December 1888, Van Gogh did two chair paintings: Vincent Chair and Gauguin Armchair. In Vincent Van Gogh- Art, Life and Letters, Euchre said Vincent chair † is a creature of light. The intensity of the yellow note, emphasized by the vibrant blue of the contour , marks the paintings of the future painted â€Å"in such a way that everybody , at least if they have eyes, would see it†. Whereas the elegant armchair is bathed in full chiaroscuro'(202). However, their enthusiasm for each other and art faded away, and soon replaced by quarrels. Vincent had less and less confidence in Gauguin. He wrote Thee: On various occasions I have seen him do things which you and I would not let ourselves do, because we have consciences that feel differently about things. I have heard one or two things said of him, but having seen him at very, very close quarters, I think that he is carried away by his imagination, perhaps by pride, but†¦ Practically irresponsible† ( CTD. In Euchre 202). About Vincent, he did not eat every day because he was short of money. Despite an empty stomach, he stayed for hours working under the sun. (Huge 80) . One time, when Vincent saw the portrait of Vincent Painting Sunflowers which was hidden by Gauguin , he could not recognized himself and reacted violently to Gauguin. When they went to a cafe, Vincent suddenly threw his glass of absinthe at Gauguin head. When Gauguin decided to leave Arles, Vincent tried many ways to make him stay. He had been through a difficult time to face with Gauguin threatened departure. He got up during the night to make sure Gauguin was still there, he used absinthe and bacon, since † the only thing to bring ease and distraction, in my case and other people’s too, is to stun oneself with a lot of drinking or heavy smoking†(Euchre 211). One day, when Gauguin was walking in the street, Vincent threw himself at him with an opening razor in his hand. However, he did not attack Gauguin, he ran away. Back in his room, he cut off the lobe of his ear with the razor. He cleaned his ear and put it in an envelope and gave the doorkeeper his ear. He was discovered by the police and hospitalized at the H ¶tell-Died hospital in Arles. Gauguin left immediately for Paris, choosing not to visit Van Gogh in the hospital. Then they never met each other in person again. Two weeks after it happened, he painted his self- portrait: Self -Portrait with Bandaged Ear. This portrait is considered as â€Å"the calm after the storm. He takes a quiet and detached look at himself and expresses a feeling of renewed hope through his bright colors and simplified drawing. A clue to the origin of this bold style is found in the Japanese woodblock print on the wall behind him†( The History in Self Portraits Para. 13). Van Gogh then started to alternate between fits of madness and lucidity and was sent to the asylum in Saint- Remy for treatment. Van Gogh left Arles on 8 May. In mid-June, Van Gogh produced his best known work: Starry Night. In 1890, he shot himself in the chest by a revolver. During his career, he only sold one painting. Van Gogh became famous only after his death because of his innovative art that had a strong influence on the artists of the next generation. Even though Vincent Van Gogh had a very dramatic life, he devoted almost most of his entire life for art. A very unique feature about Vincent ark of art is his outstanding bold brush strokes which he adopted in his later paintings.. How to cite Vincent van gogh, Papers

Research Paper on Blood Meridian free essay sample

In Cormac McCarthy’s western American classic,  Blood Meridian, the author uses violence to exemplify the brutality of men and how inhumane westerners in this period behaved. Throughout the novel,  Blood Meridian, members of the Glanton Gang kill Indians and take their scalps in exchange for money from the Mexican government which shows how corrupt not only the people are, but even the government during this time period. â€Å"Adopted from an actual episode dating from the late 1840’s, when the Mexican government paid American mercenaries episodes of slaughter and mayhem† (Parini 180). This proves to readers that this book is not completely fiction and gives the reader an idea of what is happening less than two hundred years ago. The Glanton Gang relentlessly kills people inlcluding the elderly and children alike. â€Å"He took the skinning knife from his belt and stepped where the old woman lay and took up her hair and passed the blade of the knife about her skull and ripped away the scalp† (98). This is a perfect example of how McCarthy exerts explicit detail to show how heartlessly the Glanton Gang killed Indians. Glanton abruptly shot the woman in the back of the head before scalping her. An innocent woman being slaughtered without reason shows how humans will do anything to satisfy their limitless thirst for wealth. Throughout the entire book there are endless deaths, but not all are of which are Indians which shows another example of how crazed and inhumane westerners acted in this period. Towards the end of  Blood Meridian, there is a dancing bear on stage in a saloon that gets shot without reason. â€Å"He was holding his chest and a thin foam of blood swung from his jaw and he began to totter and to cry like a child and he took a few steps, dancing, and crashed to the boards (326). The way McCarthy described the bear’s death is almost as if it were human, perhaps even a child. During this time frame in the West, the people acted ferocious and barbaric; not only towards others, but towards the wildlife as well. â€Å"The unnatural acts here are manynature as captive, forced to dance on a stage, crying like a child, its death as the shedding of blood without meaning or significance† (Spurgeon 1). It is slightly understandable that the people here are corrupt by killing each other for their own benefits, but to harm animals which have done nothing wrong is considered even more shallow. The death of the bear shows a slaughter of innocence and how inhumane the westerners were for killing an innocent bear. The nameless protagonist of  Blood Meridian, the Kid, travels with a cult and the reader learns how he changes from an innocent boy to a ruthless man through his experiences and interactions with the West and the people in it. At the end of the book, when the Kid is fully grown, he is killed by Judge Holden. The author, oddly enough, does not describe the Kid’s death in great detail as McCarthy does to others. Although it was not blatantly stated, the Kid was not only killed but raped as well. â€Å"He was naked and he rose up smiling and gathered him in his arms against his immense and terrible flesh and shot the wooden bar latch home behind him† (333). The only reason for the Judge to be naked after killing the Kid is if he raped the Kid. Throughout the novel, there are many hints that lead towards the fact that Holden molests children as well. â€Å"Shortly before the killing, Holden remarks that the Kid was a traitor to Glanton’s band and its principles in having show clemency for the heathen† (Sepich 1). The Judge had a vendetta with the Kid because he was the only one in the gang who showed compassion towards others. Other members of the gang were only there to obtain wealth, while the Kid simply did not have anywhere else to be. For being compassionate, the Judge kills the Kid thus illustrating how the westerners in this period behaved very uncivilized and only acted to benefit themselves. Blood Meridian  mainly follows a group of bandits known as the Glanton Gang and their adventure to kill Indians and take their scalps to sell for money which shows a loss of innocence since anyone part of such degrading cult is evl as well. The Mexican government pays members of this cult for killing which further proves the corruption in the west. â€Å"They’re to pay him a hundred dollars a head for scalps and a thousand for Gomez’s head (79). People of this time period did not have many morals and were genuinely dehumanized. Nearly all members of the Glanton Gang can be considered dehumanized since they killed for money. â€Å"At the center of the action is the Judge, who controls his hang of soldiers through fear, wit, and his innate mastery of human nature† (Baird 971). Holden uses fear to force the other members of the Gang to do as he pleases. All members of the Gang know each other’s backgrounds, but none know anything about the Judge. Due to his mysterious nature, other members of the gang are petrified of Holden because they do not know what he is capable of. Anyone who joins a bloodthirsty cult such as the Glanton Gang exhibits a loss of innocence and dehumanization due to the fact that they kill for wealth. Although the Kid is killed by Holden at the end of the novel, there were three instances where he was told to take down the Judge, but he refused thus his inability to kill the Judge being his downfall. Judge Holden is the villain of this novel by manipulating everyone, killing the Kid for being compassionate, and molesting children. The ultimate trade awaiting the ultimate practitioner. That is the way it was and will be† (248). By having this mindset, the Judge thinks that war is inevitable for man. â€Å" the Judge seems to feel that the power to inflict death imparts a godlike sense of superiority over it. A great killer must love to kill† (Parini 182). The Judge believes that he is above all else and that he has the right to take away lives solely for his entertainment. Judge Holden is completely consumed with violence and evil since he believes that humans were made for solely for war. Judge Holden represents the true embodiment for evil in  Blood Meridian. Blood Meridian follows the Kid from when he was seventeen until he dies nearly thirty years later, so the reader begins to grow feelings for the Kid as they see him grow up and change from an innocent, lost boy into a strong, compassionate man. At the start of the novel, the author describes the Kid as he is sitting outside alone. â€Å"See the Child. He is pale and thing, he wears a thing and ragged linen shirt. He strokes the scullery fire. Outside lie dark turned fields with rags of snow and darker woods beyond that harbor yet a few last wolves† (3). In the beginning, the Kid was just a lost boy with no where to go nor he did not know right from wrong. The Kid represents innocence and purity because he did not understand how evil the world could be; he sat outside with a fire trying to simply survive on his own. After the Kid joined the Glanton Gang, he started to develop malevolent characteristics that changed him to become the killer he died as. Although e joined the gang, he was able to retain some of his innocence and compassion because he did not let Judge Holden control him as he did to other members in the gang. â€Å" young children should be put into pits with wild dogs, forced to fight like lions.. Only those with the most perfect wills would survive such tests.. the Kid faces several such tests through the narrative and fails them.. He alone aids in removing an arrow from a gang member’s leg when no one else would† (Spurgeon 1). The Kid shows compassion towards other members of the gang, as if they were his family. If the Kid had been raised by a family then he would have never joined the gang. The Kid’s lack of a family is his down which causes him to lose his innocence and good will. McCarthy never tells the reader what the characters are thinking or how they feel, instead he uses the landscape to convey the tone of each scene. Most of the book takes places in the desert which is a very harsh landscape to travel through. â€Å" they crossed the malpais afoot, leading the horses upon a lakebed of lava all cracked and reddish black like a pan of died blood They crossed a cinderland of caked slurry and volcanic ash imponderable as the burned-out floor of hell†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (251). The author uses imagery to convey the desert landscape as hell. â€Å"Blood Meridian is the Inferno of our time, though the architecture has changed. Hell here is an open desert landscape, an endless journey past demonic shapes and beings living and dead† (Vann 1). The hellish desert is also a symbol for death because all of the Indian ambushes and Indian scalping occurs in the desert. Hell is described as a demonic, evil place where nothing good can come out of. In Blood Meridian, the deserts are used to convey death in the novel in comparison to Hell which exemplifies the animalistic behaviors of the men in this time period. Churches are supposed to be places for people to have faith and feel hopeful, so a broken down church would convey a loss of hope and happiness. â€Å"He woke up in the nave of the ruinous church, blinking up at the vaulted ceiling and the tall swagged walls with their faded frescos. The floor of the church was deep in guano and the droppings of cattle and sheep† (26). McCarthy tends to depict scenes in very dark, demonic ways to portray how the characters are feeling and how they will behave. â€Å" but the demons in Blood Meridian inhabit a shadow world that speaks even to an atheist, an â€Å"absolute night† that McCarthy summons from after he has established the landscape whose true geology was not stone but fear† (Vann 1). All of the major characters in the novel have problems such as Judge Holden loving to kill and causing mischief for others. The hellish scenes that McCarthy creates help convey the negative feelings the character feel towards each other. Although McCarthy focuses on portraying the negative aspects of the novel through the landscape, there are also partially positive aspects. Although there is constant death and violence in every corner, the westerners of this period have havens where they can act carefree and not have to worry about anything, the saloon. Here many people drink, dance, and simply act wild while outside they have to be protective and cautious of who they interact with and trust. Many among the dancers were staggering drunk through the room and some had rid themselves of shirts and jackets and stood bare-chested and sweating even though the room was cold enough to cloud their breaths† (334). Although the westerners are extremely happy and content in the saloon’s, all of their feelings are just temporary. Alcohol lets them escape this world’s harsh, difficult challenges an d act carefree, but in the end they will have to return to the dark, dehumanized world in which they live in. In the bleak, morally bereft landscape of the borderlands, the Kid gradually discovers that there are no good or bad causes, only the unending savagery of both the Native Americans and their would-be conquerors† (Baird 970). The Kid learns that no matter what you do, in the end there will only be war and violence. By thinking this he is giving into what the Judge thought, that â€Å"before man was, war waited for him. The ultimate trade awaiting the ultimate practitioner† (248). In McCarthy’s classic Blood Meridian, the author shows readers how inhumane and violent the westerners in this period behaved. McCarthy describes the terrifying life of westerners through the barren landscape which helps convey the savagery of the society within it. Killing Indians for profit, molesting children, and killing innocent animals are all different forms of dehumanized corruption that occur in this novel. Always having to keep your back to a corner and having no one to trust is how westerners in this period lived. Blood Meridian reminds readers how challenging life was less than two hundred years ago and shows them how barbaric the people of that time behaved.